Repository index

Luther a reformáció hajnalán, még szerzetesi bűntudatával küszködve, az alázatot az önleértékeléssel mosta össze, de már megsejti a mirifica commutatio, a reformátorok műveiben később oly markánsan visszaköszönő ún. „csodálatos csere” titkát. Ez a folyamat a leveleiben is kimutatható, hisz az érzékelés szünesztéziás együttesében a saját Istenfiúság-tudának magas önértékeléshez vezető bizonyosságának felismerése készíti elő azt a teológiai utat, ami a theologia crucis gyönyörű és krisztálytiszta látásához vezet – a megújulás, a reformáció potenciálja mintegy „hallótávolságán” belülre kerül. A hit hallásból van, a hallás pedig az Isten Igéjéből – ezt a páli dictumot megértve ismeri fel, hogy a csodálatos cserében Isten fülére válthatjuk le saját bizonytalan hallásunk, hogy cserébe nemcsak őt, de egymást is végre hallhassuk és befogadjuk.

A kötetben közzétett 10 exegetikai tanulmány mindegyike az Igazság és Élet című lelkipásztori szakfolyóiratban jelent meg 2008–2024 között. Tartalmukat tekintve a szövegek az említett folyóirat szerkezeti alapegységeit követik: exegetikai megértés, teológiai összefüggések feltárása, prédikációvázlat, példák és szemelvények, szempontok az istentisztelet alakításához, illetve bibliográfiai hivatkozások. A szövegek a folyóiratban eredetileg megjelent formájukban, a textusok kanonikus sorrendje szerint kerülnek itt közlésre.

Preaching as an instrument for teaching Christian doctrines. In the last three decades, Transylvanian society and church members have experienced a shift toward secularisation, particularly within the Reformed Church. This trend has made it difficult to engage with younger congregants drifting from organized religion. Despite this, there’s a vital need to re-emphasise Christian teachings, especially considering the current state of the Hungarian Reformed Church in Transylvania, where many lack a deep understanding of biblical and Reformed doctrines. Christian education should be more than just imparting knowledge; it’s about fostering spiritual growth. Ministers, alongside church elders and congregations, should actively teach Christian values, ensuring members develop a strong, knowledgeable faith. Ultimately, faith is more than learning; it’s about a personal connection with God.

Este o senzație teribilă pentru predicatorii practicanți să constate că metodele testate și ani de zile funcționale par să fie învechite, iar tipurile de predicări care păreau altădată eficiente sunt acum întâmpinate cu priviri plictisite și puterea lor de motivare de odinioară pare să fi dispărut. În astfel de momente, pastorii și specialiștii în omiletică încep să caute idei noi și inovatoare, pentru a putea pre-dica cu succes Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu. În bisericile protestante mainstream americane (bisericile metodiste, epis-copale, lutherane, prezbiteriene, etc.) această perioadă a fost numită „turnura narativă”. Părea că acesta ar fi fost răspunsul adecvat la multele probleme din predicarea americană care – s-a spus – a intrat în criză în anii '60 și '70.

Colecția Blaj a Bibliotecii Filialei Academiei Române din Cluj reprezintă un important vestigiu cultural al greco-catolicismului din Ardeal. Nucleul bibliotecii este format din colecția mănăstirii basilitane ctitorite în 1747 cu hramul Sfintei Treimi. În același an a început activitatea seminarului diecezan. Se pare că cele două instituții au avut o bibliotecă comună. Cărțile au fost inventariate pentru prima dată în 1752. Materialul prezentat face parte dintr-o cercetare mai amplă, care vizează descrierea operelor teologilor protestanți din secolul XVI păstrate în colecțiile istorice din Ardeal. În Colecția Blaj a Bibliotecii Filialei Cluj a Academiei Române se găsesc 421 de tipărituri din secolul XVI.

Habacuc 2:4 este un text de o importanță majoră pentru teologia apostolului Pavel. Avem de-a face însă cu un text extrem de dificil (o constatare valabilă de altfel pentru întreaga carte a profetului Habacuc), iar traducerile – sau mai degrabă parafrazele – din edițiile de Biblie sau comentarii reprezintă doar variații interpretative ale textului ebraic. Acest studiu este dedicat impactului și interpretării lui Habacuc 2:4b, în special a conceptului credinței, pentru literatura teologică din epoca Reformei.

A tanulmány Ravasz László első prédikációs kötetét teszi vizsgálódás tárgyává. A kötet gyűjtemény, a Református Szemlében, a Protestáns Prédikátori Tárban és a Protestáns Szemlében 1903-1910 között megjelent legkorábbi prédikációit, beszédeit, prédikációvázlatait tartalmazza. Ezek beszédek Ravasz Lászlón homiletikában és az igehirdetésben tett első lépéseinek lenyomatai, amelyekben jól kimutathatók a nyugat-európai és az erdélyi mentorok hatásai, és azt is alátámasztják, hogy a liberális teológia talaján áll, miközben új perspektívákat valósít meg a tartalom, felépítés és stílus területén, ezzel maradandót alkot a magyar református igehirdetés terén.

The study of the historicity and change processes of dance culture requires a specific theoretical methodology in dance anthropology and dance folklore studies, especially since such research has been relatively rare in the Hungarian anthropological scene and has produced a number of questionable results in the field of dance folklore studies. several aspects of an anthropological approach, as well as adopting a comparative and interpretive approach to critical dance studies can assist in deploying a historical perspective in the examination of dance culture. On the other hand, I will also argue that certain schools of the research methodology of social history may facilitate this as well. Utilizing the findings of new social history can also greatly enrich the current methodology of historical dance research.

The sermons written for the first Sunday after the epiphany, according to the medieval order of the pericopes, are based on the story of 12-year-old Jesus teaching in the temple (Luke 2:41-52). Therefore, the duties of parents and children are usually presented in these sermons. A following of this pericopal tradition can be found among 16th-century Hungarian publications in the books of the pastors Péter Bornemisza, István Beythe and György Kulcsár, and the priest Miklós Telegdi. Through their sermons, I examine how these authors wrote about the ‘good’ and the ‘bad’ child as well as what methods they offered for improving the behaviour and morals of said ‘bad’ child.

My study focuses on the various apocalyptic calculations in the fifth postil written by Péter Bornemisza. According to the theologians of the magisterial Reformation, the exact time of the end cannot be calculated because only God knows this, as the Gospels clearly state it. Although Bornemisza accepts this doctrine too, he shares some assumptions about the approximate time of the second coming in a sermon of his postil. As my study demonstrates, Bornemisza follows the treatise of the German theologian Andreas Osiander (Coniecturae de ultimis temporibus ac de fine mundi, 1544). In this work, Osiander enumerates four calculations which can predict the time of the Apocalypse. The common feature of these calculations is their biblical origin, except for the first one, which is the apocryphal prophecy of Elijah about the 6000 years of the world. The other assumptions are based on the allegorical passages of the prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse.

Although István Beythe (1532-1612) is usually remembered for his botanical works, his main achievement is his four-part sermon collection (Németújvár, 1584). The first volume contains the Sunday gospels, the second the apostolic epistles he based his lessons on, the third includes excerpts from the Gospel used on feast days of the saints, and the fourth the explanation of the epistles dedicated to the main holidays. My study is about the genre and structural characteristics of these writings, with special emphasis on the denominational lessons of the book on the feasts of the saints.

In his 1583 ritual entitled Agendarius, which was innovative in many respects in comparison to its Hungarian predecessors, Bishop Miklós Telegdi of Pécs, the administrator of the diocese of Esztergom, added sample-like sermons to the rituals of the administration of the sacraments accompanying the great turning points of life (viz. baptism, confirmation, wedding etc.). He was presumably guided chiefly by pastoral considerations. For the second edition of 1596 (published after Telegdi’s death), the editors added a second funeral sermon, clearly intended for a more educated, urban audience – judging from the scholarly Latin quotations and the general tone. A comparison of the structure and content of the two speeches provides useful conclusions as to what the ecclesiastical authorities of the time considered advisable to preach at the time of death to mourners lacking basic schooling and what to the more learned audience.

Miklós Telegdi, a Roman Catholic bishop of the reformation period, was an important figure of his generation. The confessional guide of his Agendarius, first published in 1583 in nagyszombat (Trnava, now in Slovakia), is particular as to its structure and content. in Hungary, this is the first penitential guide that was written in a unique style, including vernacular parts and containing exhortations in a large number. The confessional includes a text discussing the strict obligation on the seal of confession as well as a confession mirror which, according to its genre, is a tool of individual self-examination. In my paper, I attempt to answer the question whether Telegdi’s confessional guide is only unique from a national point of view or also in a wider, international context.

My study approaches Unitarian sermon literature from the perspective of church discipline. There are several reasons for this: 1) Historical records of reception are scarce because in the early modern age, only a handful of Unitarian sermons could be published. 2) it was uncommon among Unitarian preachers to use theoretical works (ars concionandi/praedicandi) until the end of the 17th century, they learned instead by observing the written and oral practices of their colleagues. 3) Because of the medium of the manuscript, most early modern Unitarian sermons did not survive beyond the 17th–18th century. Therefore, in our exploration of the rules and ideals of sermon literature as well as the attitudes of followers, preachers, and schoolmasters to the genre, we are forced to rely on inferences based on the norms, especially the offences recorded in (ecclesiastical) court protocols.

Although György Enyedi’s (1555-1597) posthumous exegetical masterpiece Explicationes (Cluj, 1598) did not contain any explicit statements on political thinking, his Hungarian sermons testify his theoretical interest towards political philosophy. The paper focuses on sermons 67, 68 and 184, wherein Enyedi formulates his version of natural law. Due to his antitrinitarian theological presuppositions and his philosophical anthropology deeply inherent in the former, Enyedi’s position does not match fully the standard versions of natural law of his time. on the one hand, Enyedi’s approach proves to be much more intellectual in character than the voluntaristic correction of Thomist natural law in Scholastic-Suáresian theory. on the other hand, the antitrinitarian dismissal of original sin as a chief anthropological motif results in differences from the protestant natural law tradition, as Melanchthon developed it in the 1530s.

The Disputation of Pécs (Pécsi Disputa) by György Válaszúti is a unique segment of 16th-century antitrinitarian literature. Since pécs was occupied by the Ottoman empire, Christians had to live by strict rules. They had to live outside the city walls, and they could only use one church. The dispute is a chronicle of a religious debate between the reformed citizens of tolna and the antitrinitarian citizens of Pécs.

Francis David’s selected sermons were published by the printing press of Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvár) in 1569. These sermons are structured in an almost identical way: biblical text, brief summary, lessons and the proper sermon. most of the sermons, which adhered very strictly to the explanation of the text, were probably preached in the court of John Sigismund, prince of Transylvania, while others at services and workshops for priests who came to the religious disputes. As modern readers, we might posit the likelihood that bishop Francis David held training courses for pastors to prepare them for propagating the antitrinitarian doctrines whenever they had the opportunity. This paper examines to what extent Francis David’s sermons can be considered miniature encyclopaedias or repositories of useful knowledge as were the sermons of the 16th century.

Francis David, or Ferenc Dávid, the first bishop of the Transylvanian Unitarian church, produced the only printed sermon collection published by the Unitarians in the 16th and 17th centuries. This folio-sized volume has an interesting publication history as it accompanied the most important Unitarian publications of the early period, such as Rövid magyarázat (Short explanation) and Rövid útmutatás (Short guide), De falsa et vera, Brevis enarratio, Dehortatio et descriptio Dei tripersonati, etc. This volume also ends an era of free printing, followed by a more than a century-long period of handwritten sermon collections. The paper focuses on the details of the writing and editing period, the features of the publication, and the afterlife of the work and the sermons within by examining the surviving cca. dozen copies.

In this study, I examine the works of ars praedicandi as used by the Unitarians. The paper focuses on the Unitarian use of the works of Bartholomaeus Keckermann, who attributed an important role to the exordium. The paper further registers an 18th-century Unitarian reader of Keckermann’s rhetoric, found in a composite volume in the Library of the Cluj-Napoca Branch of the Romanian Academy. This work’s earlier impact can also be studied in a Unitarian manuscript revision created as early as in 1653. There is another Unitarian work (Ms. U. 262) on sermon making from this period, a part of which contains examples of exordiums, that is, introductory parts of sermons. Based on all this, I argue that the exordiums were handled much more leniently by the Unitarians than by other Reformed denominations, and that from the late Renaissance to the 18th century, Unitarians were practitioners of a rather traditional type of preaching.

A kora újkori unitárius prédikációirodalom története Erdélyben és Magyarországon Kutatócsoport és a Kolozsvári Protestáns Teológiai Intézet 2021. április 30-án konferenciát szervezett Budapesten, az Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetemen, melynek témája a korai reformátorokhoz kapcsolódó prédikációk és a prédikációtörténet vizsgálata volt. Az alapvetően Erdélyre és Magyarországra, valamint a magyar nyelvű prédikációs anyagra koncentráló konferencia a 16. századi prédikációkkal kapcsolatban vizsgálta unitárius, katolikus, lutheránus és református prédikátorok, kötetek, korpuszok, kéziratos és nyomtatott források történetét. E kötet a konferencián elhangzott előadások bővített, írott változatát tartalmazza. Az első blokkban az unitárius, a másodikban a katolikus, míg a harmadikban a protestáns anyagra koncentráló kutatások, összesen tizenkét tanulmány részletes képet ad a 16.

This article discusses the MT of Isa 33,12 and argues that the verse line "the nations will be burned to lime (שִׂיד)" is difficult in its context and distorts the parallelism, describing the fall of the enemy of Judah with the help of plant-imagery. Although Am 2,1 is often mentioned in connection with Isa 33,12, closer analysis shows that there are differences between the two texts. It is suggested that the LXX should be followed here, which goes back to a Hebrew text reading שָׂדַי, "field", "(agricultural) land" instead of שִׂיד, "lime". This emendation (metathesis) is most likely also supported by the independent tradition of the Targum (ניר, "field, land (to be ploughed)" < נור). The metaphor of burning field not only fits its present context well, but it has biblical parallels and it is supported by agricultural customs known from the Near East.

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

This is a study of Isaiah 18-20, three chapters in the so-called Isaianic prophecies concerning the nations, Isaiah 13-23 (24-27). Beyond being located close to each other in this literary corpus, there is at least one common element that ties these three chapters together: Isaiah 18-20 deal with two neighbouring countries of the Nile, Kush and Egypt respectively. The two lands were politically closely related in the era of the prophet Isaiah, so that addressing them in proximity to each other should not be surprising in a book set in the period of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (Isaiah 1:1). Through a detailed analysis of the three chapters I hope to contribute to a better understanding of the collection of prophecies on the nations in the book of Isaiah and, more remotely, of the wider phenomenon of prophecies concerning the nations, so prevalent in the Hebrew Bible.

This collection of studies going back to a conference held in 2015 in Jerusalem aims to show that there is a clear continuity of the Isaianic tradition beyond the era of the eighth-century prophet. In comparison to other books of the Old Testament, Isaiah has been one of exceptional influence throughout the centuries. The ten essay included here underline this statement from various perspectives, dealing with the reception history of Isaiah in different periods. Below I present a short overview of its content with several remarks appended to each study.
https://www.bookreviews.org/BookDetail.asp?TitleId=12914

https://www.bookreviews.org/bookdetail.asp?TitleId=10581

This study argues that Isa 10,16–19, located in the context of the anti-Assyrian prophecy, provides essential clues in understanding the formation of the book of Isaiah. While current research often takes this text as a late redactional composition, it is more reasonable to argue that the pericope was relocated by the editors from a prophecy originally threatening Israel with destruction. This level of meaning is endorsed by the specific metaphors used, as well as arguments from the context, most notably vv. 20–23, which still regard vv. 16–19 as an anti-Israel text. As a result of this editorial process, the earlier message of judgment on Israel becomes a threat against Israel’s enemy. Restoring world order by inverting fates according to the measures of proportional retribution, often explicitly formulated in prophetic literature, elucidates the rationales behind inverting texts within the editorial process.

Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

This article argues that Isa 29,15-24 is composed of five coherent segments. The early Isaianic word, 29,15+21, was reinterpreted in a new way by an exilic author in 29,16-17+20. The presupposed blindness of Yhwh serving as a motivation for an ungodly life by those addressed in 29,15, is reconsidered as the ideology of desperate people who deem the blindness of Yhwh explains the present desolate condition of Jerusalem. The former injustice in Isaiah's society (29,21) is reinterpreted as the injustice of the foreign tyrant against the people of Yhwh. Isa 29,18+24 (the blindness of the people) and 29,19+23d-e (the oppressed Yhwh-fearing people) elaborate on the same theme in a larger context and presuppose a similar situation and author as implied by 29,16-17+21, probably to be identified with Deutero-Isaiah.

Pál apostol nyomán Habakuk 2:4 a keresztyén teológia egyik kulcsfontosságú szövege, amelyre az Újszövetség három alkalommal konkrétan hivatkozik. A reformáció korában, amikor a hit általi megigazulás újra a teológiai figyelem középpontjába kerül, ez a szövegrész, illetve ennek újszövetségi referenciái ismét jelentős szerephez jutnak. A tanulmány rámutat arra, hogy Hab 2:4 héber szövegének eltérő értelmezése milyen következményekkel járt a két nagy reformátor, Luther Márton és Kálvin János hit-értelmezésére nézve. Hab 2:4 reformátori olvasatának elemzése rávilágít ugyanakkor a (nyugati) keresztyén hagyomány egy másik kardinális problémájára is. A hit általi megigazulás kérdésében a héber szöveg alapján igyekszik egy olyan kérdést tisztázni, amely valójában a görög szöveghez (a Septuagintára hagyatkozó páli értelmezéshez) kötődik.

Bár Ézs 19,16-25-t gyakran a késő fogság utáni időszak eszkatologikus próféciáival hozzák kapcsolatba, a prófécia szövegének, teológiájának és lehetséges történelmi hátterének vizsgálata arra indít, hogy megkérdőjelezzük ezt a feltételezést. Ézs 19-ben nem egyszerűen „univerzalizmusról” van szó, hanem ennek a JHVH világuralmát valló képzetnek arról a formájáról, amely a JHVH-nak való szolgálatot és az idegen népekhez való viszonyát nem eszkatologikus, hanem történeti keretek között képzeli el (vö. pl. 19,23: „szolgálni fogja Egyiptom Asszíriát”). Az erős történelmi beágyazottság mellett a JHVH által közvetett módon gyakorolt világuralom gondolata (19,20) sokkal inkább olyan szövegekre emlékeztet, amelyekkel már a fogság előtti irodalomban is gyakran találkozunk. A prófécia történeti hátterének rekonstrukciójához a legtöbb kapcsolódási pontot a Kr.e. 671-664 közötti időszakban találjuk.

In contrast to most opinions concerning Isa 33 this pericope is far too complex to be explained as one coherent literary unit. Isa 33 has a short anti-Assyrian woe-cry at its bases (vv. 1+4), which once closed the woe-cries of Isa 28–32. Vv. 1+4 were supplemented first (around 598 or 587) by a communal lament, vv. 2-3+5+7-12, bringing the idea of the punishment of Judah and the temporised destruction of the enemy in vv. 1+4 further. Second, (shortly after 539) vv. 1-5.7-12 were expanded by a salvation prophecy, vv. 6+13-24, concerning the returnees, the restoration of Jerusalem and the monarchy.

Kálvin János teológiájának és társadalmi elgondolásainak magyarországi recepciója megannyi történeti, jogi és teológiai kérdést vet fel. Méliusz Juhász Péter sokszínű irodalmi hagyatéka azonban világossá teszi, hogy Kálvin teológiai és etikai tanításai alapvető hatást gyakoroltak a 16. században Debrecen város lakosságára. Ám e hatástörténet gyakorlati aspektusainak feltárása mindmáig a kurrens Kálvin-kutatás hiátusa volt. Ennek okán, a jelen tanulmány alapintenciója, hogy bemutassa, vajon a közerkölcsök terén milyen gyakorlati következményei voltak a kora újkori genfi és debreceni prédikátorok egyházi és irodalmi szolgálatának. S bár látható, hogy a korai magyarországi reformátorok nem hivatkoztak közvetlenül Luther és Kálvin írott hagyatékára, mégis pl. a Debrecen Városi Magisztrátus jegyzőkönyveinek vizsgálata jelentősen hozzájárul a keleti országrész reformátorai által hirdetett tanítások eredményességének bemutatásához.

A 18. századi református kollégiumi éneklés sajátos szerepet töltött be a magyar dal- és kórusirodalom történetének alakulásában. Bár az énektanításra és a zenei ismeretek elsajátítására már korábban is nagy hangsúlyt fektettek ezekben az iskolákban, mégis a 17. századi énekkarok megszervezésével, majd a Maróthi György által bevezetett többszólamú zsoltárénekléssel, az 1743-ban megjelentett Goudimel-féle négyszólamú zsoltároskönyv kiadásával új irányt vett az egyházi, ugyanakkor a világi magyar zenei élet is.

A reformáció ötszáz éves jubileumát övező nagyszabású emlékünnepélyek során gyakran elhangzott az a megállapítás, hogy ez az első olyan jellegű évforduló, amely az ökumené jegyében zajlott: a történelmi egyházak együtt idézték meg a reformáció kezdetét, a wittenbergi tézisek kibocsátását, és ugyanekkor az egyházzal együtt emlékezett a politikum is. Belelapozva a jubileumi ünnepségek történeti összefoglalóiba, végigkísérhetjük, hogy az adott korszakok vallási és politikai viszonyai milyen hatást gyakoroltak az egyes centenáriumi ünnepségekre. Az első ünneplő évszázadokban a nyomtatásban megjelenő ünnepi kiadványokat az erőteljes felekezetközi (protestáns-katolikus) polémia jellemezte.

Az igehirdetés, amennyiben nemcsak bitorolja ezt a nevet, nem lehet más, mint az Igének alázatos és hűséges tolmácsolója. Annak az Igének, mely a „szent Bibliában, azaz Istennek Ó- és Újtestamentomában foglaltatott egész szent írásban" van adva számunkra. Olyan hűséges és alázatos tolmácsolója, hogy lényeges tartalmát csak az írásból veheti és ahhoz semmit nem tehet és abból semmit el nem vehet. Akár hozzátesz, akár elvesz, meghamisítja az Igét, hűtlen lesz megbizatásához és méltatlan az igehirdetés névre. Ennélfogva az eschatologiáról, mely az Igének integráns része, nem hallgathat az igehirdetés. Mert ha hallgat, önkényesen megcsonkítja és meghamisítja az Igét, és abba a vétekbe esik, melyről a Jelenések könyve a befejezésében olyan kíméletlen szigorral mond ítéletet (22:19.)

A mai napon hálánk és kegyeletünk örökzöld koszorújával fonjuk körül a zürichi reformátornak, Zwingli Ulriknak hősies alakját. E hónap 11-én volt 400 esztendeje annak, hogy honfitársai seregében, 25 református lelkipásztor társával együtt, a r. kath. kantonok túlerejével vívott küzdelemben elesett. Fellengős szavak, regényes színezések helyett olvassuk el hü barátjának és munkatársának, Mykoniusnak beszámolóját e nap megrázó történetére.