Theses

This thesis explores how Christian mission can maintain its credibility amid the social, cultural, and technological challenges of the 21st century. Religious pluralism, globalization, secularization, and the rise of digital communication have radically transformed the frameworks through which the Christian message is conveyed. The church can no longer assume inherent authority; it must rethink its mission, language, and forms of engagement. The study analyzes the historical and theological development of mission concepts, drawing on the paradigm shift theories of Thomas S. Kuhn and David J. Bosch. According to the Missio Dei perspective, mission is God’s sending to the world, in which the church participates. The thesis examines key stages of mission history, postmodern identity dynamics, shifts in global Christianity, forms of digital mission, and contextual and liberation theology approaches.

This thesis investigates the paraliturgical practices associated with funerals in selected congregations of the Maros Reformed Church County. These customs, though situated outside the framework of the official funeral liturgy, nevertheless bear significant religious meaning—manifesting in practices such as night vigils, various forms of farewell, and communal support for the bereaved. The study examines both their theological and practical dimensions: how these practices are embodied in congregational life, how they interact with the Reformed funeral tradition, and what role they play within the grieving process. The overarching aim of the thesis is to enrich the understanding of Reformed ecclesiastical practice and tradition, with particular attention to perspectives on death and dying.

The aim of this thesis is to explore how the information society and digitalization are transforming church life, with a particular focus on new forms of community organization and communication. The research is situated at the intersection of the sociology of religion and media studies, examining the characteristics of network society, generational media use, and ecclesiastical responses to technological change. Special attention is given to online religious identity, the digitalization of religious practices, and the rise of virtual communities. Through literature analysis and the presentation of practical examples, the thesis investigates how churches can create an authentic, community-shaping presence in the digital space. The purpose of this work is also to lay the foundation for my own ministerial vocation in an era where offline and online communities are increasingly intertwined, and where new missional opportunities are emerging for churches.

This thesis explores the concept of the immortality of the soul within the framework of Unitarian theology, integrating philosophical, theological, and contemporary scientific perspectives. Drawing upon both classical philosophical traditions and Christian theological reflections, the study investigates how the belief in the soul’s continuity after death has evolved and how it is interpreted today, particularly within Unitarian religious thought. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary and hermeneutical approach, with a particular emphasis on the existential and ethical implications of the doctrine of immortality. Rooted in the dignity of human reason and moral development, Unitarian theology emphasizes a rational faith dialogue over rigid dogma. The research highlights how this theological tradition addresses the question of immortality not merely as a metaphysical hypothesis but as a deeply human concern shaped by grief, hope, and the longing for transcendence.

This thesis presents the internal functioning, as well as the social and legal structures of the Reformed Church District of Transylvania in the 19th century, through an analysis of the minutes of the General Synod of 1830. The study focuses on the key and emphasized topics of the minutes: matrimonial jurisdiction, the living conditions of ministers and teachers, and church administration and decision-making processes. Special attention is given to the life, ministry, and theological orientation of Bishop János Bodola, as well as the significance of the Endemann case, which exemplifies the tensions between orthodoxy and enlightened Protestantism. The source-based approach of the thesis combines legal, theological, and social historical perspectives, uncovering the mechanisms that sustained the church’s renewal and community-shaping role even amidst the challenges of the era.

The aim of this thesis is to present the history of the Reformed Church of Magyaró between 1820 and 1921. The research examines the religious, social and institutional life of the congregation based on archival sources, registry data and local traditions. Special attention is given to the parish's real estate and asset management, the condition of the church, school, rectory and mill, and the community significance of their maintenance. The development of religious life was shaped by the ministry of pastors, the order of worship, episcopal visitations and education. The thesis provides a detailed picture of the demographic changes in the congregation, the challenges caused by epidemics and wars, and the historical background of community self-organisation and identity preservation. The research highlights how the Reformed community in Magyaró preserved its faith and institutional independence in the changing political and social environment of Transylvania.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a series of lesson plans targeted at newly confirmed youth (aged 14–15), which contributes to a deeper understanding of the Reformed worship service and supports the integration of young people into the congregation. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we explored the theology of the Reformed worship service and the role of its liturgical elements. The practical section examines the characteristics of the targeted age group, their developmental psychological crises, and generational differences. We then present the key features of the applied KáTéM (Catechetical Learning Method), followed by a detailed presentation of the lesson plans. The series consists of ten sessions. These lesson plans can serve as support materials in pastoral ministry, and their content enriches the young participants' knowledge while connecting them more closely to the life of the church community.

In my thesis, I examine funeral practices in nine Reformed congregations of Kalotaszeg, focusing on paraliturgical elements and their communal role. The topic is relevant from both ethnographic and theological perspectives, as it reveals living traditions of the congregations, shows how acts of diaconal service are expressed, and highlights local attitudes toward death and mourning. The research, based on questionnaires, explores the theological, cultural, and practical aspects of funeral customs, analyzing how these rites take shape in practice and how they involve grieving families, relatives, neighbors, church officials, and congregation members. My findings show that traditional community-based practices once centered around the family home have gradually been replaced by more formal and simplified customs, a process accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of chapels.

In congregational life, pastors often face situations where conflict creates a deep divide between members of the community. This paper explores how a deeper understanding and resolution of such situations can be facilitated by tools drawn from systematic theology, attachment theory, contextual pastoral care, and the methodology of motivational interviewing. The theological foundations—especially the doctrines of the incarnation, atonement, and the relational model of the Trinity—reveal how the realities of sin and redemption shape human relational dynamics. Attachment theory helps uncover how childhood attachment patterns influence adult conflict resolution responses. Within the framework of contextual pastoral care, the tension between constructive and destructive entitlement, as well as the dynamics of forgiveness and exoneration, prove essential for identifying underlying, often unconscious relational burdens.

This thesis highlights that the life of the Reformed Church of Uzon in the 18th century was far from free of difficulties. The community was struck by fires and wars, while internal tensions and conflicts (such as disputes over the seating order in church) also undermined its cohesion. A deeper understanding is provided through the study of the history of the Sepsi Church District, primarily on the basis of the works of Kolumbán, Tóth, Pokoly, and Juhász. The thesis also examines the movable and immovable property of the congregation, relying chiefly on the Annotamenta Ecclesiae Uzoniensis Reformatorum (1648–1717) and the Liber Ecclesiae, which continues up to 1744. Further important sources include the studies of Árpád Csáki, the description of the church by Kinga Tüdős, and data provided by Barna-András Ungvári, the current pastor. As part of the research, document-value records preserved exclusively in the parish archives have been digitized.

This thesis explores the Christological interpretations found in 16th–17th-century Unitarian theology, with a particular focus on how early Unitarian thinkers perceived the nature and role of Jesus Christ. The central research question asks whether Christ was understood merely as a moral teacher or rather as a divinely commissioned figure with spiritual authority. The study assumes that early Unitarian Christology was not only a rational theological construct but also a deeply held spiritual conviction grounded in faith. The main body of the thesis is structured around four theological focal points: the incarnation of Christ, the concept of atonement and redemption, the doctrine of justification, and the question of adoratio whether Christ should be worshipped. These themes serve as touchstones for evaluating the theological diversity and development within early Unitarian thought.

This thesis examines the life and work of Gerő Szász, a Reformed pastor, editor, and poet, who was a significant yet today little-known figure in the Protestant ecclesiastical and intellectual life of 19th-century Transylvania. The aim of the research is to shed new light on this multifaceted personality through the study of his preserved manuscripts, sermons, funeral orations, letters, and journalistic writings, and to interpret his role within and beyond the church in the public and social processes of his time. Particular attention is given to Szász's public conflicts, editorial work (especially with Protestáns Közlöny), literary contributions, and his involvement in the relocation of the Theological Faculty to Cluj (Kolozsvár). His activity reflects a church and societal vision grounded in the close interweaving of faith, national identity, and freedom.