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Our thesis examines the discourse of the Apostolic Fathers concerning the death of Jesus Christ from both linguistic-stylistic and theological perspectives. Special attention is given to the rhetorical structure, conceptual vocabulary, and historical-contextual background of the texts. The thesis does not aim to formulate dogmatic conclusions but rather to explore how the event of Jesus Christ’s death is represented in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, particularly in terms of temporal designation, soteriological interpretation, and rhetorical emphasis. The study offers a detailed analysis of key passages from Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Polycarp of Smyrna, as well as from the Epistle of Barnabas and The Shepherd of Hermas. Furthermore, it addresses the testimony found in the Epistle to Diognetus and eucharistic passages. The research is based on a comparative exegesis of the texts in their Hungarian and Greek versions.

The thesis includes and analyzes the conscriptions of five congregations: Csittszentiván, Mezőbergenye, Mezőpanit, Harcó, and Mezőbánd. These conscriptions date back to 1687 and originate from the oldest matricula of the Reformed Church District of Maros. The matricula is rich in data, providing detailed information about the congregations' movable and immovable assets, donations, and social conditions. Initially, the thesis presents an overview of the Reformed Church District of Maros, with particular attention to its historical context, the Reformation, and the characteristics of the period in question. This is followed by brief historical descriptions of the five congregations. During the analysis of the conscriptions, special attention is given to church property elements such as communion vessels, textiles, books, lands, and buildings.

The aim of my thesis is to present and analyse in detail the 1687 conscriptions of five congregations in the Maros Reformed Church District, namely: Csejd, Kebeleszentiván, Jedd, Koronka, and Marosszentkirály. The primary source of my research is one of the oldest surviving matriculas of the Maros district, which provides valuable insight into the life and financial circumstances of the congregations in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the first part of the thesis, I offer a brief historical overview of the formation of the church district, followed by a concise history of the five settlements concerned. Based on the conscriptions, I then carry out a detailed analysis of the congregations’ movable assets (e.g., communion vessels, textiles, books) and immovable property (e.g., landholdings, pastors’ and teachers’ residences), as well as the role and types of donations.

In my thesis, I examine the current state of the institution of marriage and family from a practical theological perspective, with special attention to the marriage and family counseling service operated by the Bonus Pastor Foundation. I seek to answer the question of to what extent the CSAKIS camp model can be applied within an expanded, church-level marriage and family counseling ministry. The practical part is preceded by a detailed theoretical foundation, presenting the Christian understanding of marriage and family. The theoretical section traces human life from the moment of choosing a partner, through marriage, and up to family life, with particular emphasis on parental roles. The research thus investigates the program and effectiveness of the CSAKIS camp through the evaluation of questionnaires, which serves as the basis for drawing conclusions regarding the applicability of the model.

The title of my thesis is "Our Losses. Losses and Their Processing." My thesis focuses on the concept of loss and the process of coping with it, with particular emphasis on comparing two main types of losses: material losses and the loss of living persons. The aim of this work is to explore what grief truly means, what types exist, and how grief affects individuals both psychologically and socially. I also address the topic of death and mourning from a theological perspective. The thesis highlights that grief is not exclusively associated with death, but can also be linked to other kinds of losses. In comparing these two types, I examine similarities and differences such as the intensity of emotional reactions, the duration of the grieving process, and the role of societal attitudes. In conclusion, I have found that although everyone grieves, we do not do so in the same way or within the same timeframe.

What is the Reformed prayer, and how does it look like? In my opinion, every Reformed believer should ask themselves this question sometimes, but they can not find an answer. However, we have Confessions, and so there is some guidance, but not a clear model by which we can put the theology of prayer into practice. This thesis aims to fill this gap. If we try to discover something about Reformed spirituality, we need to start from John Calvin, and the confessions of our Church. To see a clearer picture, I studied all the confessions that were available for me, from the Irish Confession and the Hungarian confession from Debrecen-Egervölgy to the two Westminster Catechisms. Most of them have a theological perception about prayer and this is what we can put into practice in our everyday spirituality.

People with disabilities are beloved children of God, created in the image of God. It is from this belief that the following thesis was born, which by exploring theoretical and practical approaches to pastoral care for people with special educational needs (SEN), aims to help pastors who have been called to accompany people with disabilities. The first two major chapters of the thesis discuss, among other things, the definition, models and types of SEN, the situation of people with SEN in society and in the church, and the concept, directions, and objectives of pastoral care. The paper will then devote a separate chapter to the specificities of pastoral care for people with disabilities. The theoretical groundwork is followed by the practical part of the research: an analysis of in-depth interviews with pastoral care workers who have experience in providing pastoral care to people with disabilities.

This thesis explores the ethical dimensions of sexuality and the question of gender identity, with a particular focus on the perception and treatment of homosexuality in both religious and societal contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach – combining theology, ethics, law, psychology, and sociology – the research investigates how social, political, and ecclesiastical perspectives on homosexuality have evolved. Special attention is given to Christian denominations, especially the Unitarian Church, and the various interpretations of biblical texts related to same-sex relationships. The study draws on hermeneutical analysis, discourse analysis, and the examination of case studies such as church statements and Romanian legislative developments. By reflecting on historical, legal, and theological narratives, the thesis highlights how attitudes toward homosexuality are shaped not by fixed moral laws or biological facts, but by shifting cultural paradigms and institutional powers.

This study investigates the concept of humility (ʿānāw) as a religious virtue in the Old Testament, analyzing its linguistic, theological, and ethical dimensions. The Hebrew term ʿānāw, far from denoting weakness, reflects a spiritual disposition that shapes human relationships with God, others, and self. Through a comprehensive exegetical and theological framework, the thesis explores humility across prophetic, wisdom, and historical literature, with particular focus on the figures of Joseph, Moses, and David. Their narratives illustrate humility as a moral strength in leadership, divine calling, and repentance. The research applies historical-critical, narrative, and comparative methods, engaging key scholarly voices such as Gerhard von Rad, Walter Brueggemann, and Christopher J. H. Wright. The analysis highlights the dual character of humility: it is both a personal moral stance and a communal ethical imperative.

This thesis investigates the paraliturgical practices associated with funerals in selected congregations of the Maros Reformed Church County. These customs, though situated outside the framework of the official funeral liturgy, nevertheless bear significant religious meaning—manifesting in practices such as night vigils, various forms of farewell, and communal support for the bereaved. The study examines both their theological and practical dimensions: how these practices are embodied in congregational life, how they interact with the Reformed funeral tradition, and what role they play within the grieving process. The overarching aim of the thesis is to enrich the understanding of Reformed ecclesiastical practice and tradition, with particular attention to perspectives on death and dying.

This thesis explores the concept of the immortality of the soul within the framework of Unitarian theology, integrating philosophical, theological, and contemporary scientific perspectives. Drawing upon both classical philosophical traditions and Christian theological reflections, the study investigates how the belief in the soul’s continuity after death has evolved and how it is interpreted today, particularly within Unitarian religious thought. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary and hermeneutical approach, with a particular emphasis on the existential and ethical implications of the doctrine of immortality. Rooted in the dignity of human reason and moral development, Unitarian theology emphasizes a rational faith dialogue over rigid dogma. The research highlights how this theological tradition addresses the question of immortality not merely as a metaphysical hypothesis but as a deeply human concern shaped by grief, hope, and the longing for transcendence.

The aim of this thesis is to present the history of the Reformed Church of Magyaró between 1820 and 1921. The research examines the religious, social and institutional life of the congregation based on archival sources, registry data and local traditions. Special attention is given to the parish's real estate and asset management, the condition of the church, school, rectory and mill, and the community significance of their maintenance. The development of religious life was shaped by the ministry of pastors, the order of worship, episcopal visitations and education. The thesis provides a detailed picture of the demographic changes in the congregation, the challenges caused by epidemics and wars, and the historical background of community self-organisation and identity preservation. The research highlights how the Reformed community in Magyaró preserved its faith and institutional independence in the changing political and social environment of Transylvania.

In my thesis, I examine funeral practices in nine Reformed congregations of Kalotaszeg, focusing on paraliturgical elements and their communal role. The topic is relevant from both ethnographic and theological perspectives, as it reveals living traditions of the congregations, shows how acts of diaconal service are expressed, and highlights local attitudes toward death and mourning. The research, based on questionnaires, explores the theological, cultural, and practical aspects of funeral customs, analyzing how these rites take shape in practice and how they involve grieving families, relatives, neighbors, church officials, and congregation members. My findings show that traditional community-based practices once centered around the family home have gradually been replaced by more formal and simplified customs, a process accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of chapels.

This thesis highlights that the life of the Reformed Church of Uzon in the 18th century was far from free of difficulties. The community was struck by fires and wars, while internal tensions and conflicts (such as disputes over the seating order in church) also undermined its cohesion. A deeper understanding is provided through the study of the history of the Sepsi Church District, primarily on the basis of the works of Kolumbán, Tóth, Pokoly, and Juhász. The thesis also examines the movable and immovable property of the congregation, relying chiefly on the Annotamenta Ecclesiae Uzoniensis Reformatorum (1648–1717) and the Liber Ecclesiae, which continues up to 1744. Further important sources include the studies of Árpád Csáki, the description of the church by Kinga Tüdős, and data provided by Barna-András Ungvári, the current pastor. As part of the research, document-value records preserved exclusively in the parish archives have been digitized.

The ethical discourse about euthanasia is a rather controversial topic, recent lowering of age requirements just made it more relevant. This study aims to present the reader with the contemporary legislations and practical methods about different forms of euthanasia concerning minors. As a reformed christian, it is alarming to watch, how the legislations about euthanasia are becoming more and more accepted, defined and upgraded in recent years. The latest update happened just last year, in 2024, when the Netherlands gave green light to the practice of euthanising children aged between 1 and 12 years. Even though the authorities and several physicians are involved in the process, and they claim that it is a well documented and safe practice, many feel that they have crossed a dangerous border.

The dissertation focuses on the old textiles of Unitarian churches that came into the possession of the parishes from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. Drawing on 17th to 19th-century archival sources, including bishop's and dean's visitation records and parish inventory books, this thesis reconstructs the material heritage of Unitarian congregations and traces the evolution of their collections. Furthermore, the surviving textiles offer insights into congregational customs, particularly donation practices and the piety and representational needs of church members. Despite their significance, the material heritage of Unitarian congregations, especially their textiles, has received scant scholarly attention over the centuries. This dissertation aims to address this lacuna by comprehensively surveying the textile holdings of Unitarian congregations, compiling a dedicated catalogue, and analyzing relevant archival sources.

My thesis contains a repertory of the Evangélikus Élet, an Evangelical Lutheran church journal, as well as a pre-study that introduces the Transylvanian Hungarian press of the period, the Transylvanian Hungarian church press, and the most important authors and sections of the journal. The repertory includes the table of contents, the author index, and the textarium of the issues published between 1935 and 1942. My goal was to create an accurate database to assist historians and researchers of church history. At the same time, it aims to introduce this lesser-known yet valuable publication of the Romanian Evangelical Lutheran Church to interested readers. Through my research, I hope to contribute to the promotion of Transylvanian Protestant press, especially Evangelical press, as the journal, although written almost a century ago, contains writings that are still relevant for today’s pastors and congregations.

My thesis is based on the exploration of a lesser-studied aspect of 18th-century Transylvanian protestant church history: it examines, trough an interdisciplinary approach, the inscriptions found on elements of protestant sacred space furnishings – particularly on pulpit canopies. The analysis of the selected corpus is guided by the hypothesis that these inscriptions are functional in nature, shedding light on the liturgical role of the given object while also conveying messages to the congregation. The subject of the study includes works whose iconographic program, inscriptions, or patronal background are considered distinctive. Naturally, several technical limitations – such as later overpainting and a lack of documentary sources – posed significant challenges to the research. Nevertheless, it was still possible to work with sufficiently relevant information.

Abortion is a subject of serious legal, political and ethical debate in today's society. In this debate, the value and dignity of the life that begins, the right of the mother to self-determination over her own body, the right to life of the unborn foetus, or the responsibility of the relatives and the doctor performing the abortion are all called into question. The clash of views and positions conspicuously omits any consideration of ecclesiastical or theological perspectives. It is from this situation that I formulated the main question of my research: do Christian ethics provide up-to-date answers to the abortion question today? What is the current position of Protestant and Roman Catholic ethics on the abortion issue? This question predicts that the positions of the two denominations differ on certain sub-issues. In my thesis, I juxtapose official church statements and encyclicals in search of identical and divergent views on the abortion issue.

This thesis explores how Christian mission can maintain its credibility amid the social, cultural, and technological challenges of the 21st century. Religious pluralism, globalization, secularization, and the rise of digital communication have radically transformed the frameworks through which the Christian message is conveyed. The church can no longer assume inherent authority; it must rethink its mission, language, and forms of engagement. The study analyzes the historical and theological development of mission concepts, drawing on the paradigm shift theories of Thomas S. Kuhn and David J. Bosch. According to the Missio Dei perspective, mission is God’s sending to the world, in which the church participates. The thesis examines key stages of mission history, postmodern identity dynamics, shifts in global Christianity, forms of digital mission, and contextual and liberation theology approaches.

The aim of this thesis is to explore how the information society and digitalization are transforming church life, with a particular focus on new forms of community organization and communication. The research is situated at the intersection of the sociology of religion and media studies, examining the characteristics of network society, generational media use, and ecclesiastical responses to technological change. Special attention is given to online religious identity, the digitalization of religious practices, and the rise of virtual communities. Through literature analysis and the presentation of practical examples, the thesis investigates how churches can create an authentic, community-shaping presence in the digital space. The purpose of this work is also to lay the foundation for my own ministerial vocation in an era where offline and online communities are increasingly intertwined, and where new missional opportunities are emerging for churches.

This thesis presents the internal functioning, as well as the social and legal structures of the Reformed Church District of Transylvania in the 19th century, through an analysis of the minutes of the General Synod of 1830. The study focuses on the key and emphasized topics of the minutes: matrimonial jurisdiction, the living conditions of ministers and teachers, and church administration and decision-making processes. Special attention is given to the life, ministry, and theological orientation of Bishop János Bodola, as well as the significance of the Endemann case, which exemplifies the tensions between orthodoxy and enlightened Protestantism. The source-based approach of the thesis combines legal, theological, and social historical perspectives, uncovering the mechanisms that sustained the church’s renewal and community-shaping role even amidst the challenges of the era.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a series of lesson plans targeted at newly confirmed youth (aged 14–15), which contributes to a deeper understanding of the Reformed worship service and supports the integration of young people into the congregation. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we explored the theology of the Reformed worship service and the role of its liturgical elements. The practical section examines the characteristics of the targeted age group, their developmental psychological crises, and generational differences. We then present the key features of the applied KáTéM (Catechetical Learning Method), followed by a detailed presentation of the lesson plans. The series consists of ten sessions. These lesson plans can serve as support materials in pastoral ministry, and their content enriches the young participants' knowledge while connecting them more closely to the life of the church community.

In congregational life, pastors often face situations where conflict creates a deep divide between members of the community. This paper explores how a deeper understanding and resolution of such situations can be facilitated by tools drawn from systematic theology, attachment theory, contextual pastoral care, and the methodology of motivational interviewing. The theological foundations—especially the doctrines of the incarnation, atonement, and the relational model of the Trinity—reveal how the realities of sin and redemption shape human relational dynamics. Attachment theory helps uncover how childhood attachment patterns influence adult conflict resolution responses. Within the framework of contextual pastoral care, the tension between constructive and destructive entitlement, as well as the dynamics of forgiveness and exoneration, prove essential for identifying underlying, often unconscious relational burdens.

This thesis examines the life and work of Gerő Szász, a Reformed pastor, editor, and poet, who was a significant yet today little-known figure in the Protestant ecclesiastical and intellectual life of 19th-century Transylvania. The aim of the research is to shed new light on this multifaceted personality through the study of his preserved manuscripts, sermons, funeral orations, letters, and journalistic writings, and to interpret his role within and beyond the church in the public and social processes of his time. Particular attention is given to Szász's public conflicts, editorial work (especially with Protestáns Közlöny), literary contributions, and his involvement in the relocation of the Theological Faculty to Cluj (Kolozsvár). His activity reflects a church and societal vision grounded in the close interweaving of faith, national identity, and freedom.

This thesis aims to conduct an interdenominational examination of the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, using the Reformed doctrine as the primary point of reference. The study analyzes the teachings and practices of seven Christian denominations – Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Baptist, and Seventh-day Adventist – seeking to identify similarities and differences in comparison with the Reformed tradition. After presenting each denomination, a separate section addresses the theological contrasts and parallels with Reformed theology. The analysis focuses on theological and liturgical aspects of the Lord’s Supper, with particular attention to views on the presence of Christ, the efficacy of the sacrament, its role within the church community, and its relation to personal faith. The aim of the study is not to promote ecumenical dialogue, but rather to offer an objective and systematic overview of denominational distinctives in the light of Reformed teaching

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time and the subject of much debate. Much of the debate on climate change is centred on the issue of responsibility. According to Christian theology, God created this world and man, whose duty it is to care for and cultivate the earth. From a theological perspective, man is responsible for the world he has created and his responsibility is to find solutions to the problems in the world. The question of responsibility is not as simple as it may first appear. The problem of global climate change is compounded by ethical problems such as the problem of many hands, the intergenerational problem and moral corruption. These ethical problems require a rethinking of traditional ethical principles, so we need a new understanding of the question of responsibility to get closer to solutions. The aim of this thesis is to shed light on problems and dilemmas that serve to understand the need for a new paradigm shift in ethical thinking.

A dolgozatom címe: „A neoprotestáns istentisztelet”. Azt hiszem, ez egyetemi éveim legérdekesebb témája. A mai erdélyi vallási viszonyok között a történelmi egyházainkat leginkább fenyegető veszélyt a neoprotestáns egyházak elszívó ereje jelenti. Mondhatjuk, hogy a mi gyengeségünk, hogy a hívek elhagyták az eredeti gyülekezeteiket, és ez az oka annak, hogy meg kell vizsgálnunk a baptista és adventista istentiszteleteket. Dolgozatom két fő részből áll. Az első részben a baptista istentiszteletről olvashatunk. Láthatjuk, hogy a baptista istentisztelet a legkisebb részekből hogyan válik valódi istentiszteletté. A legapróbb részletekből indultam ki, és az egyes fő részek végén az olvasót elvezetem neoprotestáns istentisztelet a posztmodern kontextusához. Dolgozatom második fő részében az adventista istentiszteletről és homiletikáról írtam. Az adventista istentisztelet jól felépített és teológiailag megalapozott. Az egész adventista istentisztelet az Istennek való hálaadás köré épül.

Liturgikatörténeti dolgozatomban Farkas Jenő Marosi református esperes Határidős munkarendjével foglalkozom. Első sorban azt kutattam, hogy milyen céllal állította össze az esperes a határidős munkarendet. Továbbá azt kutattam, hogy az 1938-1940 években a Marosi egyházmegye lelkipásztorainak mennyiben sikerült teljesíteni a munkarend előírásait. A munkarend előírásai több kategóriába oszthatók: liturgiai, katekhetikai, okatatásügyi, adminisztrációs előírások. A liturgiai szolgálatok elvégzésének nyomait kerestem, hiszen a célom az volt, hogy látható legyen, hogy a Határidős Munkarend szerint a lelkipásztor, mint liturgus milyen kell legyen, hogyan szolgálhatja Isten egyházát. A dolgozatban elsősorban a történelmi környezetet (a Trianon utáni időszakot), továbbá az egyházmegyei szervezetet, a misszió kibontakozását foglaltam össze, mivel ez volt az a közeg amelyben megjelent a Határidős Munkarend 1938-ban. Továbbá a kutatásom eredményeit dolgoztam fel.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the elusive postmodern zeitgeist influences ordinary people's faith in God, their relationship to the church, and the congregational demands of the Christian church. It also seeks to answer how far the teachings of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the influential theologian who was martyred during World War II, can respond to these congregational needs. The topicality of the paper lies in its aim to provide a systematic theological framework for Reformed congregational pastors and members, with the aim of providing them with a theoretical basis for confronting postmodern problems. One such problem may be the scepticism and relativism that is characteristic of postmodernism and that is present in the life of the average church member today. A further challenge for the church may be the change in postmodern language and the isolation of individuals from one another.

In the present paper, we will present the minutes of the visitations of the dean of the Reformed diocese of Maros, written in the second half of 1816, in order to map the situation of the diocese in the first half of the 19th century. Before starting to work through the minutes, we have discussed in a few chapters the history and development of the diocese of Maros, the most important ecclesiastical figures of the time whose reigns influenced the life the Reformed Church in Transylvania, and we have also examined the diocese and the office of the dean in more depth. This was followed by a study of the records of the visitation of the dean. From these documents we learned about the relationship between the parishes. We also found out what disciplinary matters the dean and his associates had to deal with, which affected the leaders of the congregation as well as the members of the congregation.

A dolgozatomban főként az 1826. évi zsinat jegyzőkönyve kerül előtérbe, de emellett szó lesz a kapcsolódó társadalomtörténeti vonakozásokról is. Szó lesz az akkori társadalmi élet jellemzőiről, a társadalmi osztályokról, életmódról, szokásokról. Megvizsgáljuk, hogy milyen volt a korabeli egyház felépítése, hogyan működött az egyházközség, az egyházmegye, az egyházkerület, milyen szerepet töltött be az alsó szék, az egyházmegyei vizitáció, a generalis zsinat, illetve azt is, hogy mi volt a lelkipásztor, az esperes, a püspök szerepköre.

After the First World War, the Hungarians in Transylvania were faced with a new situation. However, in spite of the initial difficulties and challenges, the change of the external empire and the change of the internal empire became inevitable. The passivity of the early years was gradually replaced in the 1920s by active politicking, self-determination and path- finding. The churches, and in Transylvania in particular the Transylvanian Reformed Church and its leading leaders and thinkers, played a significant role in this search for a new way forward. As Dezső László put it, “In the nation we find the fullest and most organic unity of quantity and quality, of matter and soul, of state and church”.

A régi Marosi Református Egyházmegye 17-18. századi életébe nyertünk betekintést az 1687-es Matricula segítségével. A dolgozatomban csoportosítom a templom körül használt eszközöket, és adományokat. A vizsgált négy gyülekezet javainak leírásából kitűnik, hogy a helyi kisbirtokos vagy nemes támogatása által meg tud erősödni a református ekklézsia. Szentbenedeki Toldalagi família erősen hozzájárult a gyülekezet fejlődéséhez vagy az ákosfalvi filiában a Szilágyi család templomot építtetett. Egy ilyen adományozás révén lett a mindenkori backamadarasi prédikátornak egy nyíl szőlője. Az adományok és a meglévő javak aránya mutatja az emberek áldozati kézségét, ami minden gyülekezetben észrevehető, hiszen az úrasztali, illetve a templomi textíliák esetében az adományok száma meghaladja a meglévőkét. Nemcsak a helyi gyülekezetnek adományoztak, hanem egy-egy kisebb gyülekezetnek is.

Not all pastor's children remain close to the Church, despite the fact that they grew up in a religious environment and had the example and model of Christian living. The theoretical objective of my thesis is to explore pastor's children's motivations for living a pious life. For there can be external and internal motivation. The external motivation is when the pastor's child practices godly living and godly speaking, but not from an internal motivation, not from faith. They are not living a godly lifestyle because they feel they need to and because it is of value to them, but they are just living up to expectations. They behave and speak as expected by their parents, their congregation or their environment. They live godly lives either for external recognition and reward, such as the recognition of the church community or the pride of their parents, or perhaps to earn God's approval.

In this research, I have explored the theme of the immortality of the soul in the light of Plato's and Calvin's view of the soul. The work is divided into two major parts: in the first part, I examined Plato's and Calvin's view of the soul and the immortality of the soul, and in the second part, I compared the results of the first part. In the course of this research, I have discovered the similarities and differences in the details of the two conceptions. Eight units of thought were identified for the comparison and within these units, different themes were compared between the two conceptions. In the last point, one of the main questions of the topic was answered, namely whether the soul is immortal or impermanent. Although Plato and Calvin had different points of view, in the end the two concepts were the same: the soul is immortal.

Az ifjúsági misszió kérdése egyre aktuálisabbá vált az utóbbi időszakban. Erre nézve azonban nincs egységes elképzelés. Azok, akik foglalkoznak a témával a legjobb tudásuk szerint végzik, mégis gyakran elhangzik az, hogy valamit másképp kellene tenni. Mi legyen ez a másképp? Az ifjúsági misszióban a tanítványképzés, nevelés egyre nagyobb visszhangot kap, több módszer született erre. Nem egyetlen jó módja létezik annak ahogyan tanítvánnyá kell tenni, nevelni a fiatalokat, a több elképzelés közül azt kell mindig megtalálni ifjúságunk számára, amelyikkel a leginkább közelebb tudjuk hozni számukra az evangéliumot. Ebben segítené a gondolkodást ez a dolgozat a missziológiai hangsúlyok megfogalmazásával, illetve konkrét segítséget, ha úgy tetszik, módszert fogalmaz meg, együttműködést ajánl egy tapasztalattal rendelkező, tanítványnevelő ifjúsági misszióval foglalkozó szervezettel.

The person of Abraham was not only of great importance to the Jewish people of the Old Testament, but he is also one of the defining figures of Christian culture. This is because the patriarch's attitude, which the sacred writer expresses in words in Genesis 15:6, was presented as an example to be followed for the chosen people in the past, and is presented to the Christian person today. This attitude, which Abraham showed towards God, is summarized in a single phrase: Abraham believed. Through the lens of the Old Testament, we will examine this expression more closely, and especially in the context of Gen 15:1–6, we seek the answer to our main question: What did Abraham's faith encompass?

Dolgozatom címe: A Kolozsvári Református Teológiai Fakultás ének- zene egylete a 20. század elején. A dolgozatban röviden áttekintem az erdélyi protestáns egyházzene vázlatos történetét, kiemelve a zeneoktatásnak a református iskolákban betöltött szerepét. A dolgozat gerincét a Kolozsvári Református Teológiai Fakultás 20. században alakult ének-zene egylete működésének bemutatása képezi, ahol kitérek az egylet vázlatos történetére, az egyletet irányító teológiai tanárok munkásságára. A dolgozat fontos fejezete Benedek Kálmán zenetanár-orgonista munkásságának bemutatása, akinek idejében a Kolozsvári Református Teológiai Fakultás énekkara virágkorát élte. A témában eddig feldolgozatlan anyagot képez dolgozatom utolsó fejezete, melyben összeállítottam a Kolozsvári Református Teológiai Fakultás ének-zene egylete kottatárának leltárát.

Az erdélyi református egyháztörténelemben való mélyebb kutatás elengedhetetlen részét képezik azok a kéziratok és elsődleges források feltérképezése, melyekkel nagyon keveset vagy egyáltalán nem foglalkoztak a történészek. Dolgozatom célja az 1823-as generális zsinat eredeti kéziratainak átírása és megvizsgálása. Az iratok átdolgozása során, minden olyan témába betekintettem, amely kapcsolatban van a zsinat témáival, illetve az akkori kor egyházi képét tárja elénk. A tárgyalt témák segítségével láthatjuk az akkori egyházi struktúrát, a jegyzőkönyv határozataival mélyebben betekinthetünk a gyülekezetek és híveik mindennapi életébe.

A pojmenika gyakorlása, különösképpen a „coram Deo” vonatkozásában, a szakembereknek, valamint a lelkigondozóknak a felelősségteljes és aktuális viszonyulását tekintve rendszerint kérdések egyvelegét fogalmazza meg avégett, hogy az általuk biztosított kísérés folyamatában a kívánt változás emberi oldalát tekintve optimálisan megtörténhessen. A dolgozatomban elsősorban a Motivációs Interjú, mint lelkigondozói módszer által képviselt és tanúsított lelkiségből fakadó lelkigondozói viszonyulási lehetőséget vizsgáltam. Némi pszichológiai és teológiai reflexió kíséretében egyértelművé vált, hogy azon túl, hogy a segítő szakemberek a változásra vágyó, de egyben ambivalenciában élő személyek belülről fakadó indittatásukat elhőhívják, tehetik ezt Krisztusi attitűd gyakorlásával. Hangsúlyossá vált, azonban, hogy a gyakorlatban megélhető lelkiség egy meghatározó faktora az az emberkép (Menschenbild), amivel a lelkigondozó rendelkezik.

Ezen dolgozat azt ismerteti, hogy milyen terápiás közösségei vannak a magyar református egyháznak, ezek a közösségek milyen intézményi rendszerbe tagolódnak bele és milyen terápiás módszerekkel működnek. Valamint, azt vizsgálja, hogy ezeket a terápiás módszereket hogyan lehetne hasznosítani a gyülekezetekben gyülekezetépítés céljából. A dolgozatban a magyar református egyház három számottevő rehabilitációs intézményét ismertetjük. Többek között az intézmények történetét és módszerét, valamint azt, hogy az intézményeknek milyen erősségeik, lehetőségeik, gyengeségeik és veszélyeik (ún. ,,SWOT analízis”) vannak. Ezen tulajdonságokat interjúk segítségével elemeztük, amelyeket az intézmények vezetői, munkatársai, és jelenlévő kliensei beszámolói és meglátásai alapján gyűjtöttünk össze. Ezt követi egy összehasonlító elemzés, amelyben a három fent nevezett intézmény összehasonlítását végeztük el.

Dolgozatom témája „Az Apostoli hitvallás tételei a 2021-es Lelkem csak Téged áld ifjúsági énekeskönyv énekei tükrében.” A dolgozatom 49. oldalától olvasható a kérdőíves kutatásom eredménye. Kutatásom elején Erdély zenetörténetéről írtam, hogy jobban megértsem az akkori kor zenei világát, hogy mélyebb betekintést nyerjek honnan is indult az érdélyi protestáns zene. Majd eljutottam az erdélyi zenetörténeten keresztül az egyházi zenéhez és az énekeskönyvekhez. A zenei oktatáson keresztül a társadalom egy olyan zenei kultúrára tett szert, amelynek köszönhetően az egyházi zene is létrejöhetett és megmaradhatott. Az IKE által betekintést nyertem a fiatalság munkásságába, az ifjúsági énekeskönyvek megjelenésébe. Az énekeskönyveknek köszönhetően jelentősen megnőtt azoknak az egyháztagoknak, fiataloknak a száma, akik új énekeket tanulhattak.

A dolgozat elsődleges célja az Erdélyi Református Egyházkerületben végbemenő közigazgatási (határ)módosítások feltárása és ismertetése 1868–1920 között, főként a korabeli levéltári források tükrében. A kutatás során bebizonyosodott, hogy a jelzett időszakban az egyházkerület közigazgatástörténete rendkívül gazdagnak mondható, melyet a dolgozat két nagyszabású területi reformon túlmenően–melyek alapjaiban másították meg egyes egyházmegyék határvonalait–, az egyes egyházközségek sajátos helyzetképével, és azok további alakulásával szemléltet.

In this dissertation I would like to present an extract from Philipp Melanchthon's work Catechesis puerilis. I translated part of the work from Latin into Hungarian. The work, Catechesis puerilis, is quite distinct from Martin Luther's well-known Small Catechism. However, their objective is the same: to teach the knowledge of the Christian faith. Philipp Melanchthon begins the catechesis with a grammar lesson for school-age children. I have divided my dissertation into five major units. The first part is about the life of Philipp Melanchthon. I will briefly talk about his childhood, his school years, and then about his personality, his family and his family life. I am interested in what Melanchthon was like as a child, who were the people who helped him, who took him in, so to speak. In the second part I talk about Melanchthon as a teacher. I was curious to know what Melanchthon was like as a teacher.

The research titled "Protocols of Five Congregations of the Maros Reformed Diocese from 1687: Nyárádselye, Berekeresztúr, Nyárádszentimre, Nyárádszereda, Nyárádszentanna" examines the year 1687 and the Maros Reformed Diocese. The study aims to uncover and analyze the surveys conducted in these mentioned five congregations, which are associated with the specific time period. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the congregations' history, their life within the Reformed Church, and the collected data. Through the analysis and interpretation of primary sources, insights can be gained into the daily lives of the congregations, religious practices, and other characteristics of religious life during this period. The findings of the thesis contribute to the historical and religious research of the Maros Reformed Diocese, helping to understand the characteristics and challenges of the 17th-century Reformed communities in Transylvania.

A mesteri dolgozat öt marosszéki gyülekezet 1687-es összeírásáról szól, melyek név szerint a következők: Székelyszentistván, Makfalva, Székelyabod, Kibéd, Sóvárad. E dolgozat alapját az egyházmegye legrégibb matriculájának egy töredéke képezi, amely fióklevéltárnak is tekinthető, hisz számos oklevelet, határozatot, feljegyzést, díjlevelet tartalmaz. A marosi egyházmegye kialakulásának rövid történeti áttekintése után, dolgozatomban a felsorolt öt gyülekezet, illetve település rövid bemutatására kerül sor. Ebben kitérek a századok folyamán végbement átalakulásokra, változásokra, adott esetben nehézségeikre, illetve az önálló egyházközségi státusz elnyerésére. Ezt követően az egyházközségek javai kerülnek felsorolásra. A javak két csoportba kategorizálhatók: ingó és ingatlan. Az ingó javaknál főleg a klenódiumokra és a templomi, liturgikus textíliákra kerülnek előtérbe, illetve a templomi székek helyzete.

The General Synod of 1820 is the subject of my Master's thesis. I believe that the topic and the sources it reveals are indispensable for the research of the Transylvanian Reformed Church history. I will start from the life of the church in the 19th century and move towards the source that I have uncovered. In the excavated source, points appear which are connected with the liturgical history, the history of the order, and the rules and customs of burial. A slice of this will be presented and unpacked in this essay. The information and the improved readability of the record will be useful for all those who wish to enrich their knowledge of church history.

A dolgozat betekintést nyújt az egyházközség életébe. Megismerhetjük, hogy miként működött 1920 és 1930 között a presbitérium, hogy milyen nehézségekkel találkoztak.

A dolgozat a szorongás témájával foglalkozik, s arra keresi a választ, hogy a bibliai tanúságok tükrében miként lehet segítséget nyújtani azon embereknek, aki szorongásos panaszokkal küzdenek. A témával való foglalkozás szükségszerű, hisz a gyülekezeti közösségeinkben is sok ember van, akiket a szorongás érzése megkötöz. Ezért a lelkipásztoroknak, szükséges némi jártasságra szert tenni e témát illetően, hogy hatékony segítséget tudjanak nyújtani a szorongással viaskodóknak. A dolgozatban ennek érdekében a pszichológiai definíciók ismertetéséből kiindulva a teológusok fejtegetésein keresztül jutunk el a Biblia üzenetéig, levonva azt a következést, hogy az Istennel való kapcsolatunk rendezése révén, Krisztus útmutatását követve átélhetjük a szorongásinktól való szabadulás élményét, így már mindennapjainkat nem azok fogják meghatározni, hanem olyan felszabadult életvitel, amelyben Isten hűséggel munkálkodó sáfárai lehetünk.