Theses

Today, suicide has reached shocking proportions among people, but also in our churches. This paper is about how to approach the issue, to give an introduction to how to accompany bereaved people whose relatives have resorted to suicide, and to give some pointers to consider in their pastoral care. It aims to identify the factors that complicate the grieving process and the reasons that may predispose the bereaved to turn their grief into complicated bereavement. The present thesis research focuses on these factors and aims to reveal the interrelationships and significant differences by examining and analysing real cases. Eleven interviews were conducted with individuals whose immediate family members (e.g. father, spouse or child) had given up the struggle, resorting to suicide. The results indicate that bereaved people face serious problems after the fact of suicide.

In my thesis, I examine the current state of the institution of marriage and family from a practical theological perspective, with special attention to the marriage and family counseling service operated by the Bonus Pastor Foundation. I seek to answer the question of to what extent the CSAKIS camp model can be applied within an expanded, church-level marriage and family counseling ministry. The practical part is preceded by a detailed theoretical foundation, presenting the Christian understanding of marriage and family. The theoretical section traces human life from the moment of choosing a partner, through marriage, and up to family life, with particular emphasis on parental roles. The research thus investigates the program and effectiveness of the CSAKIS camp through the evaluation of questionnaires, which serves as the basis for drawing conclusions regarding the applicability of the model.

The ethical discourse about euthanasia is a rather controversial topic, recent lowering of age requirements just made it more relevant. This study aims to present the reader with the contemporary legislations and practical methods about different forms of euthanasia concerning minors. As a reformed christian, it is alarming to watch, how the legislations about euthanasia are becoming more and more accepted, defined and upgraded in recent years. The latest update happened just last year, in 2024, when the Netherlands gave green light to the practice of euthanising children aged between 1 and 12 years. Even though the authorities and several physicians are involved in the process, and they claim that it is a well documented and safe practice, many feel that they have crossed a dangerous border.

The title of my thesis is "Our Losses. Losses and Their Processing." My thesis focuses on the concept of loss and the process of coping with it, with particular emphasis on comparing two main types of losses: material losses and the loss of living persons. The aim of this work is to explore what grief truly means, what types exist, and how grief affects individuals both psychologically and socially. I also address the topic of death and mourning from a theological perspective. The thesis highlights that grief is not exclusively associated with death, but can also be linked to other kinds of losses. In comparing these two types, I examine similarities and differences such as the intensity of emotional reactions, the duration of the grieving process, and the role of societal attitudes. In conclusion, I have found that although everyone grieves, we do not do so in the same way or within the same timeframe.

The dissertation focuses on the old textiles of Unitarian churches that came into the possession of the parishes from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. Drawing on 17th to 19th-century archival sources, including bishop's and dean's visitation records and parish inventory books, this thesis reconstructs the material heritage of Unitarian congregations and traces the evolution of their collections. Furthermore, the surviving textiles offer insights into congregational customs, particularly donation practices and the piety and representational needs of church members. Despite their significance, the material heritage of Unitarian congregations, especially their textiles, has received scant scholarly attention over the centuries. This dissertation aims to address this lacuna by comprehensively surveying the textile holdings of Unitarian congregations, compiling a dedicated catalogue, and analyzing relevant archival sources.

What is the Reformed prayer, and how does it look like? In my opinion, every Reformed believer should ask themselves this question sometimes, but they can not find an answer. However, we have Confessions, and so there is some guidance, but not a clear model by which we can put the theology of prayer into practice. This thesis aims to fill this gap. If we try to discover something about Reformed spirituality, we need to start from John Calvin, and the confessions of our Church. To see a clearer picture, I studied all the confessions that were available for me, from the Irish Confession and the Hungarian confession from Debrecen-Egervölgy to the two Westminster Catechisms. Most of them have a theological perception about prayer and this is what we can put into practice in our everyday spirituality.

My thesis contains a repertory of the Evangélikus Élet, an Evangelical Lutheran church journal, as well as a pre-study that introduces the Transylvanian Hungarian press of the period, the Transylvanian Hungarian church press, and the most important authors and sections of the journal. The repertory includes the table of contents, the author index, and the textarium of the issues published between 1935 and 1942. My goal was to create an accurate database to assist historians and researchers of church history. At the same time, it aims to introduce this lesser-known yet valuable publication of the Romanian Evangelical Lutheran Church to interested readers. Through my research, I hope to contribute to the promotion of Transylvanian Protestant press, especially Evangelical press, as the journal, although written almost a century ago, contains writings that are still relevant for today’s pastors and congregations.

People with disabilities are beloved children of God, created in the image of God. It is from this belief that the following thesis was born, which by exploring theoretical and practical approaches to pastoral care for people with special educational needs (SEN), aims to help pastors who have been called to accompany people with disabilities. The first two major chapters of the thesis discuss, among other things, the definition, models and types of SEN, the situation of people with SEN in society and in the church, and the concept, directions, and objectives of pastoral care. The paper will then devote a separate chapter to the specificities of pastoral care for people with disabilities. The theoretical groundwork is followed by the practical part of the research: an analysis of in-depth interviews with pastoral care workers who have experience in providing pastoral care to people with disabilities.

My thesis is based on the exploration of a lesser-studied aspect of 18th-century Transylvanian protestant church history: it examines, trough an interdisciplinary approach, the inscriptions found on elements of protestant sacred space furnishings – particularly on pulpit canopies. The analysis of the selected corpus is guided by the hypothesis that these inscriptions are functional in nature, shedding light on the liturgical role of the given object while also conveying messages to the congregation. The subject of the study includes works whose iconographic program, inscriptions, or patronal background are considered distinctive. Naturally, several technical limitations – such as later overpainting and a lack of documentary sources – posed significant challenges to the research. Nevertheless, it was still possible to work with sufficiently relevant information.

This thesis explores the ethical dimensions of sexuality and the question of gender identity, with a particular focus on the perception and treatment of homosexuality in both religious and societal contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach – combining theology, ethics, law, psychology, and sociology – the research investigates how social, political, and ecclesiastical perspectives on homosexuality have evolved. Special attention is given to Christian denominations, especially the Unitarian Church, and the various interpretations of biblical texts related to same-sex relationships. The study draws on hermeneutical analysis, discourse analysis, and the examination of case studies such as church statements and Romanian legislative developments. By reflecting on historical, legal, and theological narratives, the thesis highlights how attitudes toward homosexuality are shaped not by fixed moral laws or biological facts, but by shifting cultural paradigms and institutional powers.

Abortion is a subject of serious legal, political and ethical debate in today's society. In this debate, the value and dignity of the life that begins, the right of the mother to self-determination over her own body, the right to life of the unborn foetus, or the responsibility of the relatives and the doctor performing the abortion are all called into question. The clash of views and positions conspicuously omits any consideration of ecclesiastical or theological perspectives. It is from this situation that I formulated the main question of my research: do Christian ethics provide up-to-date answers to the abortion question today? What is the current position of Protestant and Roman Catholic ethics on the abortion issue? This question predicts that the positions of the two denominations differ on certain sub-issues. In my thesis, I juxtapose official church statements and encyclicals in search of identical and divergent views on the abortion issue.

This study investigates the concept of humility (ʿānāw) as a religious virtue in the Old Testament, analyzing its linguistic, theological, and ethical dimensions. The Hebrew term ʿānāw, far from denoting weakness, reflects a spiritual disposition that shapes human relationships with God, others, and self. Through a comprehensive exegetical and theological framework, the thesis explores humility across prophetic, wisdom, and historical literature, with particular focus on the figures of Joseph, Moses, and David. Their narratives illustrate humility as a moral strength in leadership, divine calling, and repentance. The research applies historical-critical, narrative, and comparative methods, engaging key scholarly voices such as Gerhard von Rad, Walter Brueggemann, and Christopher J. H. Wright. The analysis highlights the dual character of humility: it is both a personal moral stance and a communal ethical imperative.

This thesis explores how Christian mission can maintain its credibility amid the social, cultural, and technological challenges of the 21st century. Religious pluralism, globalization, secularization, and the rise of digital communication have radically transformed the frameworks through which the Christian message is conveyed. The church can no longer assume inherent authority; it must rethink its mission, language, and forms of engagement. The study analyzes the historical and theological development of mission concepts, drawing on the paradigm shift theories of Thomas S. Kuhn and David J. Bosch. According to the Missio Dei perspective, mission is God’s sending to the world, in which the church participates. The thesis examines key stages of mission history, postmodern identity dynamics, shifts in global Christianity, forms of digital mission, and contextual and liberation theology approaches.

This thesis investigates the paraliturgical practices associated with funerals in selected congregations of the Maros Reformed Church County. These customs, though situated outside the framework of the official funeral liturgy, nevertheless bear significant religious meaning—manifesting in practices such as night vigils, various forms of farewell, and communal support for the bereaved. The study examines both their theological and practical dimensions: how these practices are embodied in congregational life, how they interact with the Reformed funeral tradition, and what role they play within the grieving process. The overarching aim of the thesis is to enrich the understanding of Reformed ecclesiastical practice and tradition, with particular attention to perspectives on death and dying.

The aim of this thesis is to explore how the information society and digitalization are transforming church life, with a particular focus on new forms of community organization and communication. The research is situated at the intersection of the sociology of religion and media studies, examining the characteristics of network society, generational media use, and ecclesiastical responses to technological change. Special attention is given to online religious identity, the digitalization of religious practices, and the rise of virtual communities. Through literature analysis and the presentation of practical examples, the thesis investigates how churches can create an authentic, community-shaping presence in the digital space. The purpose of this work is also to lay the foundation for my own ministerial vocation in an era where offline and online communities are increasingly intertwined, and where new missional opportunities are emerging for churches.

This thesis explores the concept of the immortality of the soul within the framework of Unitarian theology, integrating philosophical, theological, and contemporary scientific perspectives. Drawing upon both classical philosophical traditions and Christian theological reflections, the study investigates how the belief in the soul’s continuity after death has evolved and how it is interpreted today, particularly within Unitarian religious thought. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary and hermeneutical approach, with a particular emphasis on the existential and ethical implications of the doctrine of immortality. Rooted in the dignity of human reason and moral development, Unitarian theology emphasizes a rational faith dialogue over rigid dogma. The research highlights how this theological tradition addresses the question of immortality not merely as a metaphysical hypothesis but as a deeply human concern shaped by grief, hope, and the longing for transcendence.

This thesis presents the internal functioning, as well as the social and legal structures of the Reformed Church District of Transylvania in the 19th century, through an analysis of the minutes of the General Synod of 1830. The study focuses on the key and emphasized topics of the minutes: matrimonial jurisdiction, the living conditions of ministers and teachers, and church administration and decision-making processes. Special attention is given to the life, ministry, and theological orientation of Bishop János Bodola, as well as the significance of the Endemann case, which exemplifies the tensions between orthodoxy and enlightened Protestantism. The source-based approach of the thesis combines legal, theological, and social historical perspectives, uncovering the mechanisms that sustained the church’s renewal and community-shaping role even amidst the challenges of the era.

The aim of this thesis is to present the history of the Reformed Church of Magyaró between 1820 and 1921. The research examines the religious, social and institutional life of the congregation based on archival sources, registry data and local traditions. Special attention is given to the parish's real estate and asset management, the condition of the church, school, rectory and mill, and the community significance of their maintenance. The development of religious life was shaped by the ministry of pastors, the order of worship, episcopal visitations and education. The thesis provides a detailed picture of the demographic changes in the congregation, the challenges caused by epidemics and wars, and the historical background of community self-organisation and identity preservation. The research highlights how the Reformed community in Magyaró preserved its faith and institutional independence in the changing political and social environment of Transylvania.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a series of lesson plans targeted at newly confirmed youth (aged 14–15), which contributes to a deeper understanding of the Reformed worship service and supports the integration of young people into the congregation. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we explored the theology of the Reformed worship service and the role of its liturgical elements. The practical section examines the characteristics of the targeted age group, their developmental psychological crises, and generational differences. We then present the key features of the applied KáTéM (Catechetical Learning Method), followed by a detailed presentation of the lesson plans. The series consists of ten sessions. These lesson plans can serve as support materials in pastoral ministry, and their content enriches the young participants' knowledge while connecting them more closely to the life of the church community.

In my thesis, I examine funeral practices in nine Reformed congregations of Kalotaszeg, focusing on paraliturgical elements and their communal role. The topic is relevant from both ethnographic and theological perspectives, as it reveals living traditions of the congregations, shows how acts of diaconal service are expressed, and highlights local attitudes toward death and mourning. The research, based on questionnaires, explores the theological, cultural, and practical aspects of funeral customs, analyzing how these rites take shape in practice and how they involve grieving families, relatives, neighbors, church officials, and congregation members. My findings show that traditional community-based practices once centered around the family home have gradually been replaced by more formal and simplified customs, a process accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of chapels.